The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

It’s no secret that the upstream and downstream oil and gas sector is necessary for powering the modern world. Oil, gas and coal products are still in high demand, often requiring people to work in ...

Radiation exposure, whether from natural sources, medical applications, nuclear events, or space environments, presents complex challenges that span ...

PFAS, or perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are ubiquitous fluorinated organic compounds found widely in manufactured products, from firefighting foam to stain-resistant carpets. These ...