Many models of economic growth exclude materials, energy and other intermediate inputs from the production function. Growing environmental pressures and resource prices suggest that this may be ...

Abstract: Based on historical, international and Chinese regional data, this paper reveals the general law of the change of intermediate input rate and the evolution characteristics of China’s ...

Under the recent rapid development of production fragmentation across countries, there is a growing number of studies that examines the effect of international outsourcing and offshoring decisions on ...

This paper estimates agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) in 162 countries between 1991 and 2015 and aims to understand sources of cross-country variations in agricultural TFP levels and its ...

This paper analyzes whether uniform tariffs give rise to the highest welfare compared with tariffs that either escalate or de-escalate along the value chain of production. We show that countries may ...

Ministry clarifies that 13 June order aims to ensure fair competition and prevent dumping of substandard steel into India The Ministry of Steel has issued a clarification regarding its 13 June 2025 ...

Big changes are happening at the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. It means you’ll be hearing more about two economic metrics: gross output and intermediate inputs. The two are related, but for ...